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               However,  it  is always a good practice, in function of  the manufacturing
               technology  used,  including  3D  printing,  to  be  aware  of  the  technological

               constraints that can influence the geometry of the model. A shape, with its
               geometric details, can be more or less optimised for subsequent 3D printing, and
               we will try to understand how and why.


               Primitive Modelling: A First Step into the 3D World
               Primitive modelling is indeed an excellent way to embark on a journey into the
               world of three-dimensional modelling, especially suitable for learners starting

               from  the  second  grade.  It  can  be  likened  to  using  an  abacus  for  learning
               arithmetic: essential and immediately understandable.


               The initial approach could be a simple modelling exercise with Autodesk Tinkercad
               (https://www.tinkercad.com/): constructing a basic model by iterating through the
               following fundamental steps as needed – adding a primitive (cube, cylinder,
               cone, etc.), scaling it, moving it, and rotating it according to the intended

               goal. Repeat the process with other primitives, incorporating the ability, from the
               second  one  onward,  to  create  monolithic  objects  by  grouping  two  or  more

               primitives. Also, consider that an "empty" primitive is subtracted from the rest of
               the group since it is treated as negative volume.



















                 Tinkercad: “solid” and “hole” primitives  Tinkercad: “solid” and “hole” primitives

                         before creating a group                       after creating a group

               Increasing Model Complexity with Primitive Modelling
               In addition to the fundamental tools of scaling, rotation, movement, and creating

               monolithic  groups  with  primitives,  Tinkercad  offers  the  ability  to  mirror  or
               duplicate  shapes.  In  the  case  of  duplication,  it's  possible  to  duplicate  a  shape
               along with its transformation, easily achieving circular or rectangular arrays of

               objects. Furthermore, the obtained models can be exported in various formats,


                                         Funded  by  the  European  Union.  Views  and  opinions  expressed  are  however  those  of  the
                                         author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European
                                         Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA can
                                         be held responsible for them. Proposal number: 101087107.

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